Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. Indian, Bangladeshi and international sources consider the beginning of the war to be Operation Chengiz Khan, Pakistan's December 3, 1971 pre-emptive strike on 11 Indian airbases.[7][8] Lasting just 13 days it is considered one of the shortest wars in history.[9][10] However, Pakistan considers it to be a part of the overall Bangladesh Liberation War, in which India had been providing direct financial and military support for the Mukti Bahini Bengali operatives.[citation needed]During the course of the war, Indian and Pakistani forces clashed on the eastern and western fronts. The war effectively came to an end after the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Military signed the Instrument of Surrender on December 16, 1971 following which East Pakistan seceded as the independent state of Bangladesh. Around 97,368 West Pakistanis who were in East Pakistan at the time of its independence, including some 79,700 Pakistan Army soldiers and paramilitary personnel[11] and 12,500 civilians,[11] were taken as prisoners of war by India.
| Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Indo-Pakistani Wars and Bangladesh Liberation War | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 India |  Pakistan | ||||||||
| Commanders | |||||||||
 Sam Manekshaw J.S. Arora G.G. Bewoor K. P. Candeth |  Gul Hassan Khan Abdul Hamid Khan Tikka Khan A. A. K. Niazi (P.O.W.) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 500,000 troops | 365,000 troops | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 3,843 killed [1] 9,851 wounded[1] 1 Frigate 1 Naval Plane | 9,000 killed[2] 4,350 wounded 97,368 captured[3] 2 Destroyers[4] 1 Minesweeper[4] 1 Submarine[5][6] 3 Patrol vessels 7 Gunboats | ||||||||
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